![]() ![]() He is the god of agriculture and custodian of the earth. Like Singalang Burong, Simpulang Gana is a major deity in Iban mythology. It forewarns of a family death, serious illness and a sign to choose a new farms it. Overall, the appearance of snake omens are generally inauspicious. The presence of these augury snake means danger to humans hence it is advisable to return home and take a day off. These are cobra ( tedong), python ( sawa), coral snake ( kendawang) and king cobra ( belalang). Sather listed four snake omens which are sent by Orang Panggau. In the meantime as omens, they appear as snakes to become the guardian of the Iban people. Through dreams, they come to aid of craftsmen and warriors giving their helpful advise. Orang Panggau are often associated with knowledge of useful plants and traditional skills. Moreover, they frequently act through dream revelations. Sather stated, “The world of the Orang Panggau represents an ideal image of the traditional society of the Iban themselves its inhabitants are conceptualised as dwelling in a riverine land (menoa Panggau), present in this world but invisible to man except in dreams.” 2.Orang PanggauĪnother major source of Iban augury are reptiles associated with the spiritual heroes or Orang Panggau. For example, the appearance of beragai during clearing of field when farming is considered auspicious. ![]() These seven birds are the crucial omens in Iban augury.Įach of the seven bird omens has its own meaning. The seven omen birds are rufous piculet ( ketupong), banded kingfisher ( embuas), scarlet-rumped trogon ( beragai), Diard’s trogon ( papau or kalabu), crested jay ( bejampong), maroon woodpecker ( pangkas) and white-rumped shama ( nendak). He used seven omen birds to give warnings and guidance for his people. In the world of Iban mythology, he is the most powerful of the Iban deities, the god of war and male prowess. The first and most important is Singalang Burong. But where do these omens come from? Here are what Sather pointed out as the three principal sources of Iban augury: 1.Singalang Burong Thus, each species has a specific connection with the spiritual world, and it is largely in terms of these connections that individual omens are interpreted and function, from the Iban point of view, as media of communications,” Sather stated. “In entering the physical world, they assume the outward form of natural species, always appearing to mankind the same form whenever they present themselves. The omens can be deliberately sought or accidentally encountered.Īccording to Clifford Sather in his paper Iban Agriculture Augury (1985), the Ibans viewed augury as a form of spiritual communication.Īnimals such as birds are what the Iban described as the earthly manifestations of gods and spiritual heroes. ![]() In Iban augury, believers rely on different ways to receive indicative omens when making a decision or taking an action. Where were omens believed to have come from? Get to know the three principal sources of Iban augury ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List".^ Gill, Frank Donsker, David Rasmussen, Pamela, eds.Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. The Seychelles magpie-robin is one of the most endangered birds in the world, with a population of less than 250, although this is a notable increase from just 16 in 1970. Palawan, Balabac and Calamian in the Philippines Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Java, Borneo Southern Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo īangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lankaīangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, eastern Pakistan, eastern Indonesia, Thailand, southern China, Malaysia and Singapore The name Copsychus is from the Ancient Greek kopsukhos or kopsikhos, meaning "blackbird". The type species was subsequently designated as the Oriental magpie-robin ( Copsychus saularis) by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840. The genus Copsychus was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1827. They are garden- and forest-dwelling species found in Africa and Asia. ![]() They were formerly in the thrush family Turdidae, but are now treated as part of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. malabaricus) are medium-sized insectivorous birds (some also eat berries and other fruit) in the genus Copsychus. The magpie-robins or shamas (from shama, Bengali and Hindi for C. ![]()
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